Long term Effects on Personality

               While it was formerly believed that deprivation of love during the early, formative years would lay the basis for adult personality disorders, it is now questioned whether this is necessarily true. Permanent psychological damage may be obviated by favorable conditions either before the deprivation occurred or before the damage becomes too severe. As the assumptions that children who" experience institutionalization and similar forms of severe privation and deprivation in early life commonly develop psychopathic or affection less characters are incorrect".

                On the other hand, while a satisfying babyhood will not necessarily compensate for economic privation or other unfavorable conditions in the person's later life, it does provide a tentative an probably. persisting character structure.

                  One of the most common long-term effects of deprivation of affection on personality is emotional insecurity a feeling of not belonging and of being unable to count on the affection of significant people. When babies sense a lack of consistency in the love relationship with their mothers, they cry excessively  and show other symptoms of nervousness. When children recognize an inconsistency in their parents' child-training methods, with swings from punitiveness to  permissiveness, they are unsure of the parent's affection, Their heightened emotionality is expressed in temper tantrums, irritability, nervous mannerisms, such as nail bitiing, thumb-sucking and speech defects.


                       Much of the adolescent rebellion against authority stems from emotional insecurity which had its origin in an unstable affection relationship with parents during the childhood years. The person who never felt emotionally secure tends to be anxious and rebellious. He feels threatened, and this puts him on the defensive whenever there is any indication that his rights might be taken away from him. This defensive attitude may lead to a generalized rebellion against authority during the adolescent years.


                       Emotional insecurity in adolescence  show itself in a craving for the acceptance and affection of peers of both sexes. The adolescent tries to win this security by conforming as closely as possible to the standards of the peer group. One of the reasons for going steady and marrying early is that the adolescent is trying to compensate for unstable emotional relationships experienced at home.

EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL DEPRIVATION ON PERSONALITY

                       Deprivation of love results in "emotional starvation." Like the person who is hungry for food, the person who is starved for affection becomes irritable, unreasonable, and cantankerous. He shows his emotional hunger as he shows his physical hunger by emotional symptoms that vary from mild irritability to severe psychoses or by misbehavior that, as he grows older, may reach the level of delinquency or adults criminality.


                       Deprivation of opportunities to love and beloved delays the normal patterns of physical and mental development. This, in turn, affects the personality Some of the specific effects of emotional deprivation have been reported to be :

Physical, as seen in listlessness, emaciation, loss of appetite, quietness, general apathy, and psychosomatic illnesses

Social, as revealed in handicaps in leaning how to get along with people, lack of responsiveness to the advances of others, lack of cooperation, and hostility

Emotional, as shown in lack of emotional responsiveness and interchange, feelings of insecurity, resentments as expressed in asocial behavior, restlessness, anxiety, temper tantrums, and many other forms of maladjusted behavior.

                  The older child or adolescent may push himself in intellectual and scholastic  pursuits to gain acceptance by parents and teachers, or he may be so disturbed that he is unable to function and thus appeared to be retarded. He may experience physical complaints which interfere with health and growth. Or he may develop nervous mannerism, specially speech disorders. As he grows older, he may turn to delinquency as a substitute for emotional satisfaction.

       
                  The effects of deprivation of love on the personalities of older people will depend on how rejected they feel. Elderly people who have been institutionalized feel more ejected than those who live in their own homes or in homes of their grown children, even though they may suspect that their children resent having to care for them. A feeling of rejection leads to self-pity, anxiety, irritability, and negativism at any age.



                                      





 

USE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPACITIES

How much use is made of intellectual capacities is markedly influenced by social-class identification . Parents of the upper and middle social classes provide more opportunities for the child's intellectual development than those of the lower social classes. Even more important, they encourage the child to make use of these opportunities. Many scientists believe that opportunities to learn and encouragement are primarily responsible for IQ differences between white and negro children, rather than a hereditary factor, as others claim.

Jensen, in commenting on environmental influences, agrees that they are, in part, responsible for differences in achievement. As he explains, "Many  other traits, habits, attitudes and values enter into a child's performance in school beside just his intelligence, and these non cognitive factors are largely environmentally determined, mainly through influence within the child's family".

furthermore, social expectancy influences the use people make of their intellectual capacities. Those who are recognized as intelligent are expected to have more "social power" in decision-making situations than are those who are less intelligent. Boys and men, in most cultures, are expected to use their intellectual capacities more than girls and women and are given more opportunities and more encouragement to do so.

Intellectual capacities increase longer and decline later and more slowly if the person continues to be mentally active. Elderly people who continue to work or who have intellectually stimulating recreations are reported to have more normal brain functioning, to make better adjustments, and to do better on intelligence tests than those who retire and allow themselves to become mentally inactive. The decline is hastened by mentally unstimulating work and by an unstimulating home and social environment.

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON EARTH

                    The effects could be enormous.Relative to the hectic pace of your life, global warming is a slow-moving problem. But that does not mean you should “wait and see” what happens. If we wait, we may be creating an unsolvable problem, an unstoppable climatic shift that could have devastating impacts in years to come.

The majority of effects must be devastating  to human and animal populations. An insecure food supply, increased frequency and intensity of storms, and rapidly rising sea levels are just a handful of the possible effects you will see in coming years. But it isn’t too late. You can even take action right now to help stop global warming

Destroying earth
 The effects could be far greater than you imagine. Global warming does not occur evenly across the world. Temperature changes have been, and will be, much more extreme in the Arctic and Antarctic. A 5 degree Fahrenheit warming for the whole world means only 1 degree at the equator, but 12 degrees at the poles. Global temperatures have already risen about .8 degrees Celsius, or 1.4 degree Fahrenheit

The arctic tundra is melting already, which may be causing an increase in methane levels in the atmosphere. A mysterious spike in atmospheric methane  was measured in 2007. In addition, the rate of carbon increase in the atmosphere is accelerating each year, which may also be related to the thawing of arctic areas. You may be contributing to a positive feedback loop whereby the warming of polar regions puts more carbon and methane into the atmosphere, thus causing yet more warming in an unstoppable cycle. 

Dangerous Weather Patterns

 Increased storm activity and intensity is caused by global warming. Did you know in the last several years, even insurance companies have faced regular, increasing costs from these types of storms? Sadly, you are likely to see the ravages of global warming induced weather on the economy become yet more severe in the future.

Severe drought and flooding will occur as weather pattern become more extreme. Unfortunately, the world’s economic and agricultural systems rely on existing patterns of weather, and as global warming changes these patterns, our ability to produce food is declining.

The overall trend is clear, regardless of knowing if any particular weather change was “caused” by global warming. Increased overall average temperatures cause more extreme weather, more devastating storms, and more severe and prolonged droughts and floods. These changes impact ecosystems and the human economy. 

Unstable Agriculture and Economy

The price you pay for food is getting higher already as a result of global warming effects on agriculture. What’s worse is that this is leaving many of the world’s hungry in a desperate situation, unable to afford adequate food. In the future, it could make it so hard for humans to grow enough food that even wealthy people experience food scarcity.

We depend on a predictable climate to keep our agricultural markets and our economy as a whole stable. Climate change makes our markets unstable, less efficient, and thus more expensive. Prices are increasing for a number of reasons, a few of which are not related to global warming, but global warming induced heat waves have already been shown to reduce grain harvests in India, Canada, and the U.S. significantly.

Drought conditions have doubled since 1970. Many plants become less productive or will not pollinate when it gets too hot. For all of these reasons, we should be concerned about the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food scarcity. 

Effects on Animals

The danger to animals is severe as well. As sea levels rise and lowland coastal areas are flooded, many animal species will be harmed. Coastal areas serve as natural hatcheries for fish and are home to a greater diversity of land and sea creatures than any other ecosystem. The flooding of coastal estuaries by rising sea levels would have dramatic effects on animals across the world.

Countless species will be wiped out if global warming continues unchecked. It could play a major role in the extinction of many species that are crucial to stabilizing the food chain that you and I (and countless other animals) depend on for our food. It will surely mean an end to the polar bear, which depends on sea ice for hunting. 

A hostile planet

A 20-foot sea level rise is likely if either the Greenland Ice Shelf or the East Antarctic Ice Shelf were to melt and slip into the sea. You may think a 20-foot rise in sea level is unlikely, but even a relatively small rise in sea levels could have an enormous impact on people around the world. For example, in Bangladesh, 15 million people live within 1 meter of sea level and in India, the number of people at a similar elevation is 8 million.

The changes have been extreme, developing far faster than anyone foresaw, despite the fact that scientists have been predicting that significant rises in sea level could only happen decades or centuries in the future. In the summer of 2007, the ice in the Arctic receded further than any of the climate models had predicted.

This is significant, because as white arctic ice is replaced by dark water (or land, in the case of tundra), our planet absorbs more heat. The reason for this is ice reflects more light and heat than do water and land, something scientists refer to as the “albedo effect.” The albedo effect of ice is believed to have had a major impact on Earth’s climate over the eons and the loss of albedo could accelerate the warming of the Earth significantly. All of this means an ever more dangerous future for your kids. 

The Full Effects on Humans

If the current trend continues and warming at the poles triggers a positive feedback loop whereby more carbon and methane are released into the atmosphere, then the 20-foot sea level rise could come much sooner than was previously predicted. Such a change would inundate many of the world’s largest cities and much of the world’s most productive farmland.

The consequences could be devastating. In addition, much more dramatic sea level rises in the future are possible. If global warming catalyzes further warming and melts all of the ice in the arctic regions and at high altitudes, sea levels will rise by 230-260 feet.

Earth could be drastically altered. The Earth might even come to resemble the steamy planet that was ruled by the dinosaurs! The harm to human populations and civilization would be incalculable

EFFECTS OF GUILT AND SHAME

                             ABV-IIITM GWALIOR M.P.(7-April-2011)


                        If the person realizes that his behavior falls short of group expectation and personal standards, he will have  feelings of guilt and his reaction to these feelings will affect his self-concept. Before the age of 5 or 6 years, the child has few if any feeling of guilt, although he may become frightened when caught in wrong act and try rationalize his behavior or project the blame on someone else. The older child however, is deeply concerned about social disapproval when his behavior falls short of expectations. In self-protection, he tries to find a scapegoat to blame for his misbehavior. Rather than feeling guilt, he feels shame when caught in a act which he knows is wrong. Only after the person learns to feel personally responsible for controlling his behavior instead of relying on external pressures, such as disapproval, punishment, or threat of punishment, is he capable of experiencing true guilt.


                           Feelings of guilt may lead the person to change his attitude about the "wrongness" of certain behavior. If the person decide not to cheat when tempted to do so, he usually become more rigid in his attitude that cheating is wrong. If he decides that he will cheat, he is likely to become more tolerant toward cheating. this is a method he uses, unconsciously, to reduce the feelings of guilt which would otherwise follow his cheating


                                     Occasional feelings of mild guilt are not likely o have a permanent effect on the self-concept. they may make the person ashamed of himself and more realistic about the standard he sets for his behavior, frequent feelings of guilt, however, resulting from recurring failure to live up to one's standards, are damaging to the self-concept. They make the person loose confidence in his ability to achieve what he sets out to do, even though no one but himself may know of his failure.

               

EFFECTS OF HORIZONTAL MOBILITY

            ABV-IIITM GWALIOR M.P. (7-April-2011)

                    While horizontal mobility may mean a financial improvement for the family, an opportunity to bury the past, and a chance to gain a higher social status, it also means breaking old friendship and making new ones, adjusting to the mores and social life of a new group, and disrupting the schooling of children and adolescents. Until adjustments to the new environment are made, there is generally a period of loneliness and dissatisfaction and a longing to return to the old environment.

                    Studies of new children in neighborhoods have shown how difficult a situation they face. Many such children are teased, bullied, or ignored by those who make up the established groups. It is unusual for the members of the group to take the initiative, generally by winning the attention and interest of one child in the group, However, this is often interpreted as "pushiness" and it increases the group's tendency to ignore or reject him.

                    The difficulty of becoming accepted in a new group varies with age and environment. Adolescence and young adulthood are, on the whole, the most difficult  periods in life for horizontal mobility because, at those ages, cliques are already established and newcomers not only are unwelcome but are often regarded as potentially disturbing influences and threats to those in power.

                        In rural and suburban communities, there is more "neighborliness" than in urban centers, and acceptance in a new group is easier to achieve. Rural and suburban families usually have more in common than urban families. However, should the person move into a housing development in an urban center, assimilation into the group is relatively easy because of homogeneous nature of the environment.

                        In no case is acceptance into a new group achieved quickly. Nor is acceptance, once achieved, likely to be as complete as that which the person was accustomed to in his old group. AS a result, he will  experience the physiological damage that comes from social neglect or social rejection. This damage is greater for those who are used to high social acceptance or who anticipated higher acceptance in the new group than they are able to achieve.

                        Psychosocial isolation and loneliness lead to anxiety, dogmatism, and personality disorders of a minor or major degree. Anxiety depends mainly on the time when the environment is disrupted, While dogmatism is primarily a result of frequency of disruption. Most studies of mobility show that geographic mobility and various personality disorders go together. Thus it can be said that the "basic effects of geographic mobility are disruptive in nature".

EFFECTS OF MORALITY ON PERSONALITY

 Moral or immoral behavior has no effect on personality until the person is intellectually mature enough to understand the attitude of the social group toward his behavior. A baby doesn’t realize that an act is wrong unless he is punished for it. Even then, he may fail to understand why he was punished. Furthermore, he has no feeling of guilt from wrong doing because he has not yet learned a moral code by which to judge his behavior.

As time passes, the person gradually learns what society expects and how it judges him when his behavior falls short of expectations, AT the same time, he is learning to judge his own behavior in terms of a moral code he has developed through experience and moral teaching. If he feels that his behavior falls short of this code, he will have feelings of guilt. If his behavior comes up to expectations, both his own and the group’s he will be satisfied with himself.

The influence of moral expectations on the self-concept will depend on a number of conditions: whether the person is forced, by fear of punishment, to conform or whether he wants to conform because of the personal benefit he will derive from doing so; the attitude of the person who requires him to conform and the method used to enforce conformity; and whether he feels secure in his moral beliefs and in his ability to translate these beliefs into actions,.

If a person feels unsure of his ability to make moral judgments that will win group approval or if he is uncertain of his ability to carry out decisions in ways that will be approved by a group, he will bolster himself up by rigid and authoritarian moral standards or he will learn on external standard of right and wrong rather than his own convictions. In any situation in which moral decision is made, such a person is likely to be plagued by uncertainty and doubt. By contrast, the person who learns a socially acceptable code of moral values and accepts this code as a guide to his behavior is more secure, more confident of his ability to live up to the code, and more likely to be a “ comfortable” and well-adjusted person.

EFFECTS OF ATTRACTIVENESS ON PERSONALITY

               Realization that appearance plays an important role in social judgments inevitably affects the self concept. If a person feels that his appearance is such that he will be judge positively, it will have a favorable effect on his personality. Few people, however, feel so. Most feel that their total appearance or some feature that mars their attractiveness is responsible for their not being as popular as they otherwise would be.

                   The more a person varies from the norm in physical attractiveness, the more he also varies in satisfaction and, thus, in the favorableness of his self-concept. Studies of the effect of acne illustrate how severely one unattractive feature can affect the self concept. College students with acne score significantly higher on a neuroticism scale than those who are free from his skin blemish. Those of higher neuroticism also tend to develop acne at an earlier age.

                   One study has shown that an unattractive appearance may lead to deviant behavior. Not only are criminals judged to be below the norm in personal attractiveness, but the seriousness of their crimes is positively related to the degree of their unattractiveness. Burglars, for example, who engage in “behind-the-back” stealing, are contact-shy because of their unattractiveness.

                    Differences in attractiveness have also been found in criminals who commit sex crimes. Those who engage in illicit sexual relationship with adults are more attractive than those who victimize children.

                   While physical unattractiveness does not, of course, necessarily lead to delinquent or criminal behavior, many unattractive people who are unable to improve their appearance enough to be reasonably acceptant of it do develop unfavorable self concepts and unsocial pattern of behavior. Whether these will lead to withdrawal or aggression will depend upon their environments, the pattern of their lives, the kinds of relationships they have with family members, and a host of other conditions. For example, a child who has been criticized by his parents and nagged to improve his looks, and who interprets all this to mean that his parents reject him, often becomes hypersensitive about his appearance

               At no time will an unfavorable self-concept be more damaging than in old age when physical attractiveness normally wanes and when other condition such as forced retirement, loss of community roles, and lowered income, intensify the belief of the person that he is being rejected because of his unattractiveness,. Unquestionably, part of the personality change that so often accompanies aging can be traced to this.

HOMEOSTASIS

“Homeostasis” is the maintenance of a stable internal environment through a relatively steady temperature, a normal blood sugar level, an even rate of oxygen utilization, and a proper water balance. When any one of these conditions is upset, disturbances in homeostasis occur.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS

Homeostasis or lack of it has a pronounced effect, both directly and indirectly, on personality. Any alteration n the physiological state of a person will be reflected to the behavioral changes which maybe temporary or persistent, slight or major, depending on how great and how permanent the physiological changes are.

              The direct effects of homeostasis are seen in the relaxed, poised, controlled, and socially acceptable behavior pattern of a person who is feeling well both physical and physiologically. Upsets in homeostasis are readily apparent in irritability following fatigue the temporary inability of a person to react normally after using alcohol and some of the narcotics.

             Indirectly, homeostasis or lack of it  may affect the personality through the way the person reacts to what he believes to be the attitudes and behavior of significant people in his life or to how close his body comes to his childhood ideal.

CONDITION CONTRIBUTING TO SOCIAL MOBILITY

             Horizontal mobility is usually the result of geographic mobility. It occurs when a person or family moves from one community, neighborhood, or group to another on the same level for personal or vocational reasons. It is less common in the lower then in the middle and upper social classes because lower-class people whose work is not highly specialized can usually find work in the area in which they live. People of the middle and upper social groups, who engage in more specialized work, move from place to take advantage of new opportunities.

           Among the lower social-class group, moves are generally from rural or from urban to urban areas, with living condition in the new environment similar to those in the old. In the middle-class groups, moves are almost always toward the larger urban centers or the suburbs surrounding them.

            In upward mobility, the person has a strong motivation to improve his status. This motivation is intensified by prodding from his family and fiends and from the realization that, in a democracy, improvement is possible. To achieve a higher status, person must not only be motivated but must posses certain personality characteristic, the two most important of which is aggression and a sense of identity. If he is to win acceptance from and make a favorable impression on those who have more power and status than he, his aggression must be in right amount ad proper direction> He must behave in such a way that he will not be regarded as a “pusher”.

          Achieving a sense of identity with those with whom the person wants to be associated is far from easy. The upwardly mobile person may be in a group but not of it. Without an opportunity to associate with the people in the group that he wants to be identified with, he is deprived of opportunities to learn their interests, patterns of behavior, and values.

       The more intelligent the person, the more likely he is to be given an opportunity to be upwardly mobile. Very bright boys for example can achieve academic success which enables them to achieve vocational success. And with vocational success they have opportunities to associate with members of the higher social groups.

      The personality syndrome of the downwardly mobile person is characterized by such traits as generally poor motivation, dissatisfaction, lack of drive and energy, greater concern for security or just getting by than for achievement, and orientation toward the present, with refusal to sacrifice for the future. Downwardly mobile person have not internalized the cultural values and standards of behavior of the lager group; as a result, they are at the mercy of their impulses. Because they are dissatisfied with themselves, they create unfavorable impression on others and have difficulty making friends.

EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MOBILITY ON PERSONALITY :

Social mobility in any form leaves its mark on the personality of the mobile person. The mark varies in severity and persistence according to the kind of mobility, but it is practically always disturbing. As Bossard has commented, “Mobility has its advantages, but I wouldn’t wish them on anyone”.

CONFERENCE OF RESEARCH SCHOLARS

A two day national conference of research scholars on management was held on 26-27 March 2011. The inaugural ceremony included key note speaker Prof. Kripashankar, V.C. goutam Buddha Technical University and Director S.G. Deshmukh. The introduction to the conference was given by Dr. Padmanav Acharya, organizing secretary of NCRSM-2011. The two day conference included prominent speakers in plenary sessions such as Prof. S.S. Yadav and Prof.  Ravi Shankar from IIT Delhi, Prof. M.K.Tiwari from IIT Kharagpur and Prof. V.S.R. Krishnaiar from IIPA, New Delhi. Participants delegate from all parts of the country presented their research papers in the conference which includes a health proportion from top institution like IITs, IIMs and NITs. Conference had also including presentation on EBSCO/SCOPUS and CMII database. Finally a panel discussion on expectation from management researchers was held which was followed with valedictory session where Dr. Manoj Dash gave a summary report and Dr. Manoj Patwardhan gave the vote of thanks to the gathering. A total of six, best paper award were distributed by Director S.G. Deshmukh in the valedictory ceremony.

EFFECTS OF DEVIANT INTELLIGENCE ON PERSONALITY

    Deviant intelligence inevitably leaves its mark on the personality pattern. As has been stressed above, this is not because of deviant intelligence per se but rather is not because of the attitudes of the social group toward the deviant. And. As noted, the attitudes of the social group are influenced by the way the person behaves.

        The effect on the self-concept is greatly by how the person with deviant intelligence believes others feel about  his being different and how they treat him while he is still young  and in the process of developing a concept of himself as a person. If they think of him as “different” he will think of himself in that way too, This make it difficult for him to behave normally and to express his feelings toward people in a friendly way. His behavior thus reinforces the unfavorable social attitudes.

Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others. Or Personality is generally defined as the deeply ingrained and relatively enduring patterns of thought, feeling and behavior. In fact, when one refers to personality, it generally implies to all what is unique about an individual, the characteristics that makes one stand out in a crowd.

Personalities is the sum total of individual’s Psychological traits, characteristics, motives, habits, attitudes, beliefs and outlooks.

Personality Determinants:

Heredity: Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. Physical structure, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms are characteristics that are generally considered to be either completely or substantially influenced by who your parents were, that is by their biological, physiological and inherent psychological make up.

Environment: The environmental factors that exert pressures on our personality formation are the culture in which we are raised, our early conditioning, the norms among our family, friends and social groups, and other influences that we experience. The environment to which we are exposed plays a substantial role in shaping our personalities.

Situation: A third factor, the situation, influences the effects of heredity and environment on personality. An individual’s personality although generally stable and consistent, does change in different situations. The varying demand of different situation calls forth different aspects of one’s personality. We should not therefore look upon personality patterns in isolation.

EVIDENCE OF EFFECTS ON PERSONALITY

                   There is ample evidence that good health has a favorable effect on personality while poor health, whether physical or psychosomatic in origin and whether real or imaginary, has a damaging effect. Many personality changes result from poor health condition and persist even after the illness has been cured or its severity lessened. This is especially true during childhood, when personality is in its formative stage. In fact, many personality disturbances in adolescents and adults trace their origin to illness during the early childhood years.

                  Regardless of the nature of illness or the age of person experiencing it, any illness reduces the scope of person’s world. It encourages him to be egocentric and selfish, it causes frustration which may make the person aggressive and cantankerous or withdrawn, it leads the heightened emotionally, and it makes the person feel martyred. In older people, illness often encourages regression to an earlier period of their lives when they were healthier and happier.

              

                 Even tiredness, caused by poor health, overexertion, frustration, or boredom with one’s role in life, lead to personality changes which often become persistent if the conditions responsible for the tiredness persist. Constant tiredness may turn a happy, well-adjusted person into an unhappy, poorly adjusted one.

                A number of studies show how marked an effect certain illness have on personality. Persons suffering from diabetes experience tension and anxiety which cause frustration when they try to conform to the demands of their social environments. As a result of frustration, they become aggressive, often turning their aggressions outward on others.

             Some of the predisposition to irritability and crabbiness in old age may be traced to changes in the blood sugar level caused by the body’s inability to withdraw glucose from the bloodstream and store it in tissues which have been damaged by the aging process.

              Since illness in old age has such damaging effects on personality, it has been suggested that one of the best preparations for old age is health measures designed to prevent chronic and progressive diseases which impair the efficiency and happiness of the elderly and, as such, contribute to unfavorable personality changes. This suggestion could well be applied to all ages. Preventing illness and keeping the person in a state of good health would do much to ensure the development of a wholesome personality, good personal and social adjustments, and happiness.

                  

EFFECTS OF POVERTY

The effects of poverty may also be causes, as listed above, thus creating a "poverty cycle" operating across multiple levels, individual, local, national and global.

Health

Hunger, disease, and less education describe a person in poverty. One third of deaths - some 18 million people a year or 50,000 per day - are due to poverty-related causes: in total 270 million people, most of them women and children, have died as a result of poverty since 1990. Those living in poverty suffer disproportionately from hunger or even starvation and disease.Those living in poverty suffer lower life expectancy. According to the World Health Organization, hunger and malnutrition are the single gravest threats to the world's public health and malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all cases

Every year nearly 11 million children living in poverty die before their fifth birthday. 1.02 billion people go to bed hungry every night. Poverty increases the risk of homelessness There are over 100 million street children worldwide Increased risk of drug abuse may also be associated with poverty

According to the Global Hunger Index, South Asia has the highest child malnutrition rate of the world's regions Nearly half of all Indian children are undernourished,one of the highest rates in the world and nearly double the rate of Sub-Saharan Africa.Every year, more than half a million women die in pregnancy or childbirth. Almost 90% of maternal deaths occur in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, compared to less than 1% in the developed world

Women who have born children into poverty may not be able to nourish the children efficiently and provide adequate care in infancy. The children may also suffer from disease that has been passed down to the child through birth. Asthma and rickets are common problems children acquire when born into poverty.^{[citation needed]}

Education

Great Depression: man lying down on pier, New York City docks, 1935.

Research has found that there is a high risk of educational underachievement for children who are from low-income housing circumstances. This often is a process that begins in primary school for some less fortunate children. In the US educational system, these children are at a higher risk than other children for retention in their grade, special placements during the school's hours and even not completing their high school education. There are indeed many explanations for why students tend to drop out of school. For children with low resources, the risk factors are similar to excuses such as juvenile delinquency rates, higher levels of teenage pregnancy, and the economic dependency upon their low income parent or parents.

Families and society who submit low levels of investment in the education and development of less fortunate children end up with less favorable results for the children who see a life of parental employment reduction and low wages. Higher rates of early childbearing with all the connected risks to family, health and well-being are majorly important issues to address since education from preschool to high school are both identifiably meaningful in a life.

Poverty often drastically affects children's success in school. A child's "home activities, preferences, mannerisms" must align with the world and in the cases that they do not these students are at a disadvantage in the school and most importantly the classroom.^,Therefore, it is safe to state that children who live at or below the poverty level will have far less success educationally than children who live above the poverty line. Poor children have a great deal less healthcare and this ultimately results in many absences from the academic year. Additionally, poor children are much more likely to suffer from hunger, fatigue, irritability, headaches, ear infections, flu, and colds. These illnesses could potentially restrict a child or student's focus and concentration.

 

Housing

Street child in Bangladesh

Slum-dwellers, who make up a third of the world's urban population, live in a poverty no better, if not worse, than rural people, who are the traditional focus of the poverty in the developing world,

Most of the children living in institutions around the world have a surviving parent or close relative, and they most commonly entered orphanages because of poverty. Experts and child advocates maintain that orphanages are expensive and often harm children's development by separating them from their families It is speculated that, flush with money, orphanages are increasing and push for children to join even though demographic data show that even the poorest extended families usually take in children whose parents have died.

Violence

The most common form of human trafficking is for prostitution, which is largely fueled by poverty.In Zimbabwe, a number of girls are turning to prostitution for food to survive because of the increasing poverty.